Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is used to make proteins. In the body, tryptophan is converted into serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and sleep. It is also converted into melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate the b

Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms associated with a decline in cognitive functioning. It can cause difficulty with simple tasks, confusion, memory loss and difficulty communicating. It is most common in people over 65, but it ca

Vitiligo is a skin condition that is characterised by patches of lighter skin that form due to loss of pigment. These patches are caused by the destruction of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour. Vitiligo can affect any part of the body,

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition that affects your central nervous system. It is considered an autoimmune disease, which means your body's immune system mistakenly attacks your healthy cells. In the case of MS, the immune system a

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the joints and other body systems. It is caused when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, leading to swelling, pain and stiffness. This inflamm

Caffeine sensitivity is a term used to describe an individual's unique reaction to caffeine. Everyone metabolises caffeine differently, and some people are more sensitive to its effects than others. It can vary from person to person, but it typical

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, including meats, fish, eggs, legumes and certain fruits and vegetables. It plays an important role in many of the body's metabolic processes, helping

Pellagra is a condition caused by a deficiency of niacin, a B vitamin. It is called systemic disease, meaning it can affect your entire body. It is characterised by a set of symptoms known as the “3 Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. Without e